←Luxembourg⇄

Luxembourg

Luxembourg · Europe (EU) · updated 04.09.2026

Some of the highest pay and living standards in the EU, against extremely high rent. The environment is trilingual (French, German, Luxembourgish); in international tech the working language is often English. Dual citizenship is allowed; naturalisation takes from 5 years with a Luxembourgish exam. Parent reunification is heavily restricted.

Some descriptions for this country are still Russian only: 91% translated. Numbers, prices and timelines are complete.

Entry

Entry rules depend on citizenship. Choose a passport to see the requirement for that one.

Work and visas

Salary in IT
$ 47 796 – $ 83 074
Median
$ 63 728
Language at work
The official languages are French, German and Luxembourgish; English is common in international IT teams.

Visa types: Employee (autorisation de séjour “travailleur salarié”) · EU Blue Card

Employers: Amazon (European headquarters), PayPal (European headquarters), SES, ArcelorMittal, RTL Group

Luxembourg builds almost every ground for third-country nationals on one two-step scheme, and it is that scheme one has to understand. Step one: from the country of residence, a "temporary residence authorisation" (autorisation de séjour temporaire) is requested on plain paper — an application filed from inside Luxembourg is not admissible. An approved authorisation is valid for 90 days, within which one must obtain a type D visa (stamped into the passport and valid for a maximum of three months) or, under a visa-free regime, simply enter. Step two, inside the country: a declaration of arrival at the commune within three days, the medical examination for foreigners (an examination by a general practitioner, internist or paediatrician plus tuberculosis screening for everyone over two years old and a tuberculin test for children from two months to two years) and an application for the residence permit within three months of entry. A copy of the declaration of arrival together with the residence authorisation also serves as the work authorisation until the card is issued. The card is a biometric chip and is collected in person by appointment. A visa for a family member of a Union citizen is issued free of charge. The price barely distinguishes between grounds. A residence permit costs EUR 80, and every page of the official guide prints that amount on itself — in the list of documents for step two and a second time in the list of documents for renewal. It is paid by transfer to account IBAN LU46 1111 2582 2814 0000 (BIC CCPLLULL) in the name of the Ministere des Affaires interieures, Direction générale de l'immigration, with "titre de séjour de" and the applicant's name as the payment reference. Three things stand out from that pattern: the work authorisation on personal grounds — the same EUR 80, but with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs named as payee (the page has not been updated since immigration was transferred to the Ministry of the Interior); the stateless person's travel document — EUR 50 to the passport bureau's account IBAN LU46 1111 1298 0014 0000; and whole branches where there is no fee at all — Union citizens and their families, British citizens under the Withdrawal Agreement, cross-border workers, international and temporary protection. The notification-based routes (short-term mobility of a transferred worker, of a researcher, of a student) carry no fee because they produce no card. The labour market test is the general rule for salaried work. The employer declares the vacancy to the National Employment Agency ADEM, and if within three weeks the agency proposes no suitable candidate from the national or European market, the director of ADEM issues a certificate of the right to hire the person of the employer's choice. Highly qualified workers are not subject to the test, but the vacancy must be declared all the same. The employer must see and keep a copy of the worker's permit and notify the ministry of the start of the employment relationship within three working days of the first working day; hiring a foreigner without a permit carries administrative and criminal sanctions. Silence from the ministry is a refusal. Almost every page names its own deadline for a reply (from 60 days to nine months) and adds: if there is no reply within that period, the application is deemed rejected. For long-term resident status the six-month period is named as a legal obligation of the ministry. If the ministry requests missing documents, the period is suspended until they are received, and missing the deadline set can lead to automatic rejection. Income thresholds in Luxembourg are almost everywhere expressed not as a sum but as a multiplier, and therefore do not enter the numeric fields: students, trainees and graduates looking for work need 80 % of the current social inclusion income (REVIS), researchers the social minimum wage for skilled workers, athletes, family reunification applicants and long-term residents the social minimum wage for unskilled workers. The only printed sum is EUR 65,652 a year for the EU Blue Card and for the cross-border highly qualified worker. Beware of pages of differing freshness: the status change page for Ukrainians, updated on 2 April 2025, names EUR 63,408 a year for the same Blue Card, whereas both pages of the Blue Card itself, updated on 3 March 2026, print EUR 65,652. EU long-term resident status is granted after five years, but not to everyone: the law expressly excludes seasonal, posted and transferred workers, students and vocational trainees, and holders of temporary permits with a special limited term. A Blue Card holder is credited with five years in the Union under that card or two years in Luxembourg immediately before filing, and a beneficiary of international protection with the time their protection application was under examination. Family members of Union citizens do not go here but to their own permanent residence permit after five years. One thing worth knowing separately is family members' work: the holder of a "family member" residence permit may work as an employee and on their own account without prior authorisation. Before 1 September 2023 this depended on an endorsement on the back of the card; from that date the endorsement has no force, access to the labour market is free for all, and there are no plans to replace cards already issued. Finally, the "impatriate" tax regime (exonération pour salariés hautement qualifiés) is not a ground of stay at all: it is an exemption from tax on part of the remuneration of a highly qualified worker with a fixed annual salary of no less than EUR 75,000, and it sits in the guide's branch on highly qualified workers next to the Blue Card. It confers no right of entry or stay, and that is why it is not in the list of grounds.

Long-term visas and residence permits

Residence permit for salaried workers

Work
term 12 morenewablecounts toward permanent residencefamily allowedfee $ 91,0processing 120 days
Fee: EUR 80 is the fee for issuing the residence permit. It is paid by transfer to account IBAN LU46 1111 2582 2814 0000 (BIC CCPLLULL) in the name of the Ministère des Affaires intérieures, Direction générale de l'immigration, with "titre de séjour de" and the applicant's name as the payment reference. The same amount is paid on every renewal. The amount is printed on the page of the ground itself — in the list of documents for the residence permit application and a second time in the list of documents for renewal.
official source · read 2026-09-04

EU Blue Card

Work
term 48 morenewablecounts toward permanent residencefamily allowedincome from $ 74 712 a yearfee $ 91,0processing 90 days
Fee: on the same terms as the ground above.
official source · read 2026-09-04

EU Blue Card issued by another Member State

Work
renewablecounts toward permanent residencefamily allowedincome from $ 74 712 a yearfee $ 91,0processing time not published
Fee: on the same terms as the ground above.
official source · read 2026-09-04

Residence permit for self-employed workers

Work
term 36 morenewablecounts toward permanent residencefamily allowedfee $ 91,0processing 90 days
Fee: on the same terms as the ground above.
official source · read 2026-09-04

Residence permit for investors

Investment
term 36 morenewablecounts toward permanent residencefamily allowedfee $ 91,0processing 90 days
Fee: on the same terms as the ground above.
official source · read 2026-09-04

Residence permit for intra-corporate transferees (ICT)

Work
term 12 morenewabledoes not count toward permanent residencefamily allowedfee $ 91,0
Fee: on the same terms as the ground above.
official source · read 2026-09-04

Short-term intra-corporate mobility

Work
term 3 monot renewabledoes not count toward permanent residenceprocessing 20 days
Fee: A short-term mobility notification is not the issue of a residence permit, and the page names no fee either for the notification or for the minister's objection.
official source · read 2026-09-04

Long-term intra-corporate mobility

Work
renewabledoes not count toward permanent residencefee $ 91,0
Fee: EUR 80 is the fee for issuing the residence permit. It is paid by transfer to account IBAN LU46 1111 2582 2814 0000 (BIC CCPLLULL) in the name of the Ministère des Affaires intérieures, Direction générale de l'immigration, with "titre de séjour de" and the applicant's name as the payment reference. The same amount is paid on every renewal. The amount is printed on the page of the ground itself — in the list of documents for the residence permit application and a second time in the list of documents for renewal.
official source · read 2026-09-04

Residence permit for workers posted by a company established outside the EU

Work
renewabledoes not count toward permanent residencefee $ 91,0
Fee: on the same terms as the ground above.
official source · read 2026-09-04

Residence permit for workers posted by a service provider established in the EU

Work
renewabledoes not count toward permanent residencefee $ 91,0
Fee: on the same terms as the ground above.
official source · read 2026-09-04

Residence permit for seasonal workers

Work
term 5 morenewabledoes not count toward permanent residenceapplicant onlyfee $ 91,0processing 90 days
Fee: on the same terms as the ground above.
official source · read 2026-09-04

Residence permit for athletes and sports coaches

Work
term 12 morenewablecounts toward permanent residencefamily allowedfee $ 91,0processing 90 days
Fee: on the same terms as the ground above.
official source · read 2026-09-04

Working Holiday programme

Working holiday
term 12 monot renewabledoes not count toward permanent residenceapplicant only
Fee: The programme has no price of its own: the page states that the cost of the visa application depends on the country of destination and on which diplomatic mission examines the application, and names no amount.
For citizens of certain countries only.
official source · read 2026-09-04

Residence permit for researchers

Talent
term 12 morenewablecounts toward permanent residencefamily allowedfee $ 91,0processing 60 days
Fee: EUR 80 is the fee for issuing the residence permit. It is paid by transfer to account IBAN LU46 1111 2582 2814 0000 (BIC CCPLLULL) in the name of the Ministère des Affaires intérieures, Direction générale de l'immigration, with "titre de séjour de" and the applicant's name as the payment reference. The same amount is paid on every renewal. The amount is printed on the page of the ground itself — in the list of documents for the residence permit application and a second time in the list of documents for renewal.
official source · read 2026-09-04

Short-term researcher mobility

Talent
not renewabledoes not count toward permanent residencefamily allowed
Fee: A short-term mobility notification produces no residence permit, and the page names no fee for it — the EUR 80 on that page is named only for the "mobilité de chercheur" card issued for long-term mobility.
official source · read 2026-09-04

Long-term researcher mobility

Talent
does not count toward permanent residencefamily allowedfee $ 91,0processing 60 days
Fee: EUR 80 is the fee for issuing the researcher's residence permit endorsed "mobilité de chercheur". The amount is printed on the long-term mobility page itself, in the section on processing time: the card is issued on application and against a fee of EUR 80.
official source · read 2026-09-04

Residence permit for researchers seeking a job or setting up a business

Job seeking
term 12 monot renewablefee $ 91,0processing 90 days
Fee: EUR 80 is the fee for issuing the residence permit. The page names it twice: in a separate "Costs" section, which states that the residence permit is issued only to someone who has paid the EUR 80 fee, and in the list of documents, which gives account IBAN LU46 1111 2582 2814 0000 in the name of the Ministère des Affaires intérieures, Direction générale de l'immigration.
official source · read 2026-09-04

Residence permit for students

Study
term 12 morenewabledoes not count toward permanent residencefee $ 91,0processing 60 days
Fee: EUR 80 is the fee for issuing the residence permit. It is paid by transfer to account IBAN LU46 1111 2582 2814 0000 (BIC CCPLLULL) in the name of the Ministère des Affaires intérieures, Direction générale de l'immigration, with "titre de séjour de" and the applicant's name as the payment reference. The same amount is paid on every renewal. The amount is printed on the page of the ground itself — in the list of documents for the residence permit application and a second time in the list of documents for renewal.
official source · read 2026-09-04

Student mobility within the European Union

Study
not renewabledoes not count toward permanent residenceprocessing 30 days
Fee: Mobility is arranged by notification rather than by issuing a residence permit, and the page names no fee at all.
official source · read 2026-09-04

Residence permit for graduates seeking a job or setting up a business

Job seeking
term 12 monot renewablefee $ 91,0processing 90 days
Fee: EUR 80 is the fee for issuing the residence permit. A separate "Costs" section of this page names it twice: for the permit to look for work or set up a business, and for the employed or self-employed worker's permit taken by those who have already found work.
official source · read 2026-09-04

Simplified switch from student permit to work permit for graduates

Work
renewablecounts toward permanent residencefee $ 91,0
Fee: EUR 80 is the fee for issuing the residence permit. The amount is printed in the list of documents for the simplified transition on the student permit page itself, together with account IBAN LU46 1111 2582 2814 0000.
official source · read 2026-09-04

Residence permit for school pupils

Study
term 12 monot renewabledoes not count toward permanent residenceapplicant onlyfee $ 91,0processing 90 days
Fee: EUR 80 is the fee for issuing the residence permit. It is paid by transfer to account IBAN LU46 1111 2582 2814 0000 (BIC CCPLLULL) in the name of the Ministère des Affaires intérieures, Direction générale de l'immigration, with "titre de séjour de" and the applicant's name as the payment reference. The same amount is paid on every renewal. The amount is printed on the page of the ground itself — in the list of documents for the residence permit application and a second time in the list of documents for renewal.
official source · read 2026-09-04

Residence permit after four years of schooling in Luxembourg

Other
term 12 morenewablecounts toward permanent residencefamily allowedfee $ 91,0processing 90 days
Fee: on the same terms as the ground above.
official source · read 2026-09-04

Residence permit for trainees

Study
does not count toward permanent residenceapplicant onlyfee $ 91,0processing 60 days
Fee: on the same terms as the ground above.
official source · read 2026-09-04

Residence permit for au pairs

Other
term 12 monot renewabledoes not count toward permanent residenceapplicant onlyfee $ 91,0processing 60 days
Fee: on the same terms as the ground above.
official source · read 2026-09-04

Residence permit for volunteers

Other
term 12 monot renewabledoes not count toward permanent residenceapplicant onlyfee $ 91,0processing 60 days
Fee: on the same terms as the ground above.
official source · read 2026-09-04

Residence permit for private reasons

Other
term 36 morenewablecounts toward permanent residencefamily allowedfee $ 91,0processing 90 days
Fee: on the same terms as the ground above.
official source · read 2026-09-04

Work permit for holders of a residence permit for private reasons

Work
term 12 morenewablefee $ 91,0processing 90 days
Fee: EUR 80 is the fee for the work authorisation, and its payee is a different one: the page gives account IBAN LU46 1111 2582 2814 0000 in the name of the Ministère des Affaires étrangères et européennes, de la Défense, de la Coopération et du Commerce extérieur, Direction de l'immigration, with the payment reference "autorisation de travail dans le chef de" and the applicant's name. For renewal the same page names the same EUR 80 but with the reference "titre de séjour".
official source · read 2026-09-04

Family reunification with a third-country national

Family
term 12 morenewablecounts toward permanent residencefamily allowedfee $ 91,0processing 270 days
Fee: EUR 80 is the fee for issuing the residence permit. It is paid by transfer to account IBAN LU46 1111 2582 2814 0000 (BIC CCPLLULL) in the name of the Ministère des Affaires intérieures, Direction générale de l'immigration, with "titre de séjour de" and the applicant's name as the payment reference. The same amount is paid on every renewal. The amount is printed on the page of the ground itself — in the list of documents for the residence permit application and a second time in the list of documents for renewal.
official source · read 2026-09-04

Simplified procedure for children born in Luxembourg

Family
term 12 morenewablecounts toward permanent residencefee $ 91,0
Fee: on the same terms as the ground above.
official source · read 2026-09-04

Autonomous residence permit for a former family member

Family
Fee: The page names no price of its own for this route: the application is filed on plain paper, and the EUR 80 amount is printed on the page only for family reunification, for the simplified procedure for newborns and for renewal.
official source · read 2026-09-04

EU long-term resident status

Other
term 60 morenewablecounts toward permanent residencefamily allowedfee $ 91,0processing 180 days
Fee: EUR 80 is the fee for issuing the residence permit. It is paid by transfer to account IBAN LU46 1111 2582 2814 0000 (BIC CCPLLULL) in the name of the Ministère des Affaires intérieures, Direction générale de l'immigration, with "titre de séjour de" and the applicant's name as the payment reference. The same amount is paid on every renewal. The amount is printed on the page of the ground itself — in the list of documents for the residence permit application and a second time in the list of documents for renewal.
official source · read 2026-09-04

Registration certificate for EU citizens

Other
counts toward permanent residencefamily allowed
Fee: The page names no fee either for the declaration of arrival or for the registration certificate: the certificate is issued on the spot when the form is submitted at the commune.
For citizens of certain countries only.
official source · read 2026-09-04

Permanent residence permit for EU citizens

Other
counts toward permanent residencefamily allowedprocessing 30 days
Fee: The page names no fee: the permit is sent by post to the applicant's address within a month of filing.
For citizens of certain countries only.
official source · read 2026-09-04

Residence card for family members of an EU citizen

Family
term 60 morenewablecounts toward permanent residencefamily allowedprocessing 180 days
Fee: The page names no fee either for the family member's residence card itself or for its renewal. The only thing it expressly calls free is the entry visa for a family member of a Union citizen — that is a charge for a different document, and it cannot be attributed to the card.
official source · read 2026-09-04

Permanent residence card for family members of an EU citizen

Family
term 120 morenewablecounts toward permanent residencefamily allowedprocessing 180 days
Fee: The page names no fee either for issuing the card or for renewing it.
official source · read 2026-09-04

Residence document for beneficiaries of the Withdrawal Agreement

Other
renewablecounts toward permanent residencefamily allowedprocessing time not published
Fee: The page names no fee. The neighbouring page on long-term resident status states outright that British citizens and their family members, as beneficiaries of the Withdrawal Agreement, apply for the permanent residence permit under that agreement free of charge.
official source · read 2026-09-04

Residence document for family members of a Withdrawal Agreement beneficiary arriving after 2020

Family
term 60 morenewablecounts toward permanent residencefamily allowedfee $ 0,00processing time not published
Fee: The page names the price outright, in a separate "Costs" section: the residence document is issued free of charge.
official source · read 2026-09-04

Document certifying frontier worker rights for UK nationals under the Withdrawal Agreement

Work
term 120 morenewabledoes not count toward permanent residencefee $ 0,00processing time not published
Fee: The page names the price outright, in a separate "Costs" section: the document is issued free of charge.
For citizens of certain countries only.
official source · read 2026-09-04

Work permit for third-country cross-border workers

Work
term 12 morenewabledoes not count toward permanent residenceapplicant onlyincome from $ 74 712 a yearprocessing 90 days
Fee: The page names no fee either for the work authorisation or for its renewal — and that is what distinguishes the cross-border worker from the grounds involving a residence permit, where the fee amount is printed right in the list of documents.
official source · read 2026-09-04

Work permit exemption for family members of EU cross-border workers

Work
does not count toward permanent residenceprocessing 90 days
Fee: The page names no fee.
official source · read 2026-09-04

International protection (refugee status and subsidiary protection)

Other
term 60 morenewablecounts toward permanent residencefamily allowedprocessing 180 days
Fee: The international protection pages name no fee either for filing or for issuing the residence permit; the only thing expressly called free is the renewal of a refugee's travel document.
official source · read 2026-09-04

Temporary protection for displaced persons from Ukraine

Other
does not count toward permanent residencefamily allowed
Fee: The page names no fee for the appointment at the one-stop shop, for the issue of the temporary protection document or for the biometric card.
For citizens of certain countries only.
official source · read 2026-09-04

Change of status from temporary protection to a residence permit for salaried workers

Work
term 12 morenewablefamily allowedfee $ 91,0processing 90 days
Fee: EUR 80 is the fee for issuing the residence permit. The amount and account IBAN LU46 1111 2582 2814 0000 (BIC CCPLLULL, payee Ministère des Affaires intérieures, Direction générale de l'immigration) are printed on the page itself three times: in the lists of documents for the worker, the spouse and the child.
official source · read 2026-09-04

Change of status from temporary protection to a residence permit for family members

Family
term 12 morenewablefee $ 91,0processing 90 days
Fee: EUR 80 is the fee for issuing the residence permit. The amount and account IBAN LU46 1111 2582 2814 0000 (BIC CCPLLULL, payee Ministère des Affaires intérieures, Direction générale de l'immigration) are printed on the page itself separately in the spouse's list of documents and separately in the child's list of documents.
official source · read 2026-09-04

Stateless person status

Other
does not count toward permanent residencefee $ 56,9processing 90 days
Fee: EUR 50 is charged not for the status itself but for the stateless person's travel document: the page names this amount twice, for renewal of the document and for its replacement after loss, theft or damage, with account IBAN LU46 1111 1298 0014 0000 (BIC CCPLLULL) in the name of the Bureau des passeports, visas et légalisations (BPVL) and the reference "titre de voyage dans le chef de". No fee is named for examining the application for stateless status itself.
official source · read 2026-09-04

Temporary work permit for beneficiaries of a postponement or suspension of deportation

Work
term 6 morenewabledoes not count toward permanent residenceapplicant only
Fee: The page names no fee.
official source · read 2026-09-04

Programme terms change, and the final decision rests with the consulate or the country migration service. The data is collected from official sources on the date shown and is not legal advice.

Residence and citizenship

Permanent residence after
5 years
Citizenship after
5 years
Language
Luxembourgish (the Sproochentest exam)
Dual citizenship
allowed

Absence limits: Naturalisation requires 1 year of continuous residence immediately before the application.

5 years of lawful residence, including 1 continuous year immediately before applying; the Luxembourgish exam (Sproochentest).

Multiple citizenship has been allowed since 1 January 2009, so giving up the previous citizenship is not required.

Documents

Document certification
apostille

The country is party to the 1961 Hague Convention: a degree or certificate is authenticated with a single apostille in the country that issued it.

Family

Partner

Right to work
yes

Reunification with a partner is provided for where the housing and sufficient means conditions are met. The partner has the right to work.

Children

Can be brought
yes

Minor children.

Parents

Route
Reuniting with parents (ascendant relatives) is heavily restricted for labour migrants.
Difficulty
difficult

Luxembourg law allows reunification with dependent ascendant relatives only in narrow cases (financial dependency and the absence of support in the country of origin). For ordinary labour migrants it is effectively unavailable.

Partner's parents

Difficulty
difficult

Matters: In a number of countries only a biological child can sponsor a parent, in which case the spouse files the application.

Pets

Limit
5
Quarantine
no
Antibody titre test
needed
Preparation
~4 months
Cost per animal
$ 341 – $ 910

EU rules. Import from countries outside the EU “list” requires a rabies antibody titre test 30 days after vaccination and a subsequent 3-month wait. No quarantine.

Safety

Situation
calm

Crime: A safe country with a low level of violent crime. The small population makes the annual homicide figure volatile (the 2022 value).

Natural hazards

Earthquakeslow

Low seismicity. Noticeable earthquakes are rare and weak.

Wildfireslow

Wildfires are rare.

Floodsmedium

The main natural hazard is river flooding (the Alzette and Sûre valleys). The floods of July 2021 affected the country.

Hurricaneslow

Occasional winter storms.

Droughtslow

Rarely.

Extreme heatlow

Heatwaves are short-lived.

Volcanoesno

No.

Tsunamisno

The country is landlocked.

Natural disasters are practically absent. The only notable risk is river flooding.

Climate

2J
3F
6M
9A
13M
17J
19J
19A
15S
11O
6N
4D
Type
Temperate oceanic (Cfb)

A mild wet winter, a moderately warm summer. Plenty of rain and overcast days all year round.

Quality of life

Life expectancy
83.2 years
Migration
inflow

Healthcare: A developed system; compulsory health insurance through the National Health Fund (CNS).

Flows: One of the highest rates of population growth in the EU; about 47% of residents are foreign citizens.

Cities

Luxembourg City

tech hub
137 696 residents
$ 2 182
1 bedroom, per month

The capital and financial centre, home to EU institutions. A trilingual international environment, ~70% of residents are foreigners.

3 bedrooms $ 3 796utilities $ 295ticket $ 3,69monthly pass $ 42,0
To buy, per m²: centre $ 13 003 · suburbs $ 8 731

Extremely high rent. Petty crime around the station district (Gare).

+The most jobs, plus the EU institutions
+An international environment, English is widespread
+High salaries
−The most expensive rent in the country
−A shortage of affordable housing

Esch-sur-Alzette

37 922 residents
$ 1 616
1 bedroom, per month

The second largest city, a former steel centre. The Belval district holds the University of Luxembourg campus and research centres.

2 bedrooms $ 2 4243 bedrooms $ 3 226utilities $ 273ticket $ 3,68monthly pass $ 42,0
To buy, per m²: centre $ 7 639 · suburbs $ 6 252
+The Belval university campus
+Cheaper than the capital
+Close to the French border
−An industrial past
−Fewer jobs than in the capital

Differdange

30 789 residents
$ 1 394
1 bedroom, per month

The third largest city in the south-west, a historic centre of metallurgy (the ArcelorMittal plant). Home to the European campus of the University of Miami.

2 bedrooms $ 1 821 · estimate3 bedrooms $ 2 248utilities $ 267ticket $ 3,73monthly pass $ 42,4
To buy, per m²: centre $ 8 612 · suburbs $ 8 054
+Cheaper than the capital
+A quiet city
−An industrial character
−Few IT jobs

Dudelange

22 203 residents
$ 1 536
1 bedroom, per month

The fourth largest city, in the south near the French border, a former steel centre.

utilities $ 272ticket $ 3,69monthly pass $ 42,3
To buy, per m²: centre $ 9 039 · suburbs $ 7 033
+Cheaper than the capital
+Close to the French border
−A small city
−Few IT jobs

Grocery basket

Bread, 500 g
$ 3,14
Milk, 1 l
$ 1,78
Eggs, 12
$ 4,64
Chicken breast, 1 kg
$ 14,7
Cheese, 1 kg
$ 19,0
Rice, 1 kg
$ 2,99
Potatoes, 1 kg
$ 3,07
Apples, 1 kg
$ 3,02
Coca-Cola / Pepsi, 2 l
$ 2,58
Total
$ 55,0

The same set for every country, so the comparison is fair.

Cost of living across the country

Rent, 1 bedroom
$ 1 746 a month
Rent, 3 bedrooms
$ 3 217 a month
Utility bills
$ 282 a month
Home internet
$ 69,0 a month
Monthly transport pass
$ 42,1 a month
Single transport ticket
$ 3,70
Petrol, litre
$ 1,89
Cold medicine
$ 10,4 for a week

Country averages. City prices, where collected, are shown above and are more precise.

Indicators

Life expectancy
83,2 years2024
Homicides
1,5 per 100k2022
Theft
2 711,9 per 100k2024
Burglary
568 per 100k2024
Vehicle and vehicle-part theft
562 per 100k2024
Road deaths
3,9 per 100k2021
Unemployment
6,3 %2025
Unemployment, ages 15–24
21,5 %2025
Inequality (Gini)
33,62023
Health spending per person
$ 8 170 a year
Air pollution, PM2.5
7,4 µg/m³2023
Access to clean water
100 %2024
Internet, fixed line
217,4 Mbit/s2026

Governance

Political stability
high · 1,1
Control of corruption
high · 2
Rule of law
high · 1,8
Government effectiveness
high · 2

World Bank estimates on a −2.5 to +2.5 scale, higher is better.

Natural hazards

Earthquakes
0,1 out of 10
River floods
2,9 out of 10
Coastal floods
0 out of 10
Tropical cyclones
0 out of 10
Droughts
1,3 out of 10
Tsunamis
0 out of 10

Policy towards newcomers

Migrant integration, overall score
65 out of 100 · 2019
Family reunification
52 out of 100 · 2019
Permanent residence
58 out of 100 · 2019
Access to citizenship
79 out of 100 · 2019
Access to the labour market
35 out of 100 · 2019

Measures how favourable the law is towards newcomers, not one person's chances of getting a visa.

Each value carries the year it refers to. “Data lags behind” means this country's figure was collected noticeably earlier than the rest. Natural hazards use one 0–10 scale and are meant to be compared against each other.

Pros and cons

+High salaries and standard of living (one of the world's highest GDP per capita figures)
+Dual citizenship is allowed (since 2009)
+Naturalisation is possible after 5 years of residence
+Natural disasters are practically absent and the country is not seismically active
+The centre of the EU institutions, an international environment (~47% of the population are foreigners)
+Pets come in under EU rules (a limit of 5)
−Extremely high rent (a one-bedroom flat in the capital ~€1900/month)
−Citizenship requires the Luxembourgish exam (Sproochentest)
−Trilingual bureaucracy (French/German/Luxembourgish)
−Plenty of rain and overcast days
−Parent reunification is heavily restricted
−A small domestic labour market

Compare with other countries in the region

Austria · Belgium · Bulgaria · Croatia · Cyprus · Czechia · Denmark · Estonia · Finland · France · Germany · Greece · Hungary · Ireland · Italy · Latvia · Lithuania · Malta · Netherlands · Poland · Portugal · Romania · Slovakia · Slovenia · Spain · Sweden

Other countries in the region: Europe (EU)

Austria · Belgium · Bulgaria · Croatia · Cyprus · Czechia · Denmark · Estonia · Finland · France · Germany · Greece · Hungary · Ireland · Italy · Latvia · Lithuania · Malta · Netherlands · Poland · Portugal · Romania · Slovakia · Slovenia · Spain · Sweden

All countries by region

Official sources

Guichet.lu — Immigration
The state portal: visas, residence, stays of over 90 days
↗
Guichet.lu — Immigration (employee / EU Blue Card)
Residence permits for workers from third countries
↗
Guichet.lu — Luxembourg citizenship
Naturalisation, acquiring and losing citizenship
↗
atHome.lu
The largest property portal (renting and buying)
↗
atHome.lu
Buying a home
↗
Luxauto
A car buying and selling platform
↗
SNCA
Société Nationale de Circulation Automobile - licences and vehicle registration
↗
Sécurité alimentaire (the veterinary service)
Pets come in under EU rules
↗
Administration des contributions directes
Direct taxes
↗
CNS — Caisse nationale de santé
The national health fund, compulsory health insurance
↗

Reliability. Collected from open sources: official immigration service sites, statistical aggregators, industry surveys. Updated: 2026-09-04.

This is not advice. This material is for reference and is not legal, tax or immigration advice. Visa rules, tax thresholds and prices change. Before deciding anything, check the official sources and consult a licensed professional in the relevant country.